Refers
to a company pressuring investment banks to provide it with ordinary loans and
credit facilities in exchange for the company giving the bank the desired
investment banking work. Investment banks typically want to provide lucrative
advisory services, such as merger advice and helping companies raise equity and
debt. Less lucrative is providing loans or credit facilities, so companies
attempt to entice investment banks into providing those services through
pay-to-play. The term increasingly came into use after the market boom of the
late 1990s ended and credit became harder to get.
Refers to
underwriters contributing to the election campaigns of elected officials in
order for the underwriter to have an advantage in securing contracts to
underwrite municipal bonds. This usage is now rare, as legal changes have made
the practice difficult, if not illegal.